Difference between revisions of "Slash"

From Free Pascal wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(substitute legacy syntaxhighlight syntax, refer to Frame instead of Block)
 
(14 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
The '''''/''''' or '''slash''' is used in a Pascal program to perform division.  The results are a floating point value unless the values on both sides of the slash are integer, in which case the value is integer and the result is the same as the [[div]] operator.
+
{{Slash}}
  
The value on the right side of the slash must not be zero, or a division by zero error occurrs. This can be caught through use of a [[try|TRY]] / [[finally|FINALLY]] block.
+
<div style="float:right; margin: 0 25px 20px 0; padding:50px; font-size:500%; font-family: Georgia; background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 2px solid #777777;">/</div>
 +
 
 +
A single slash, surrounded by non-slash characters is regarded as the division operator.
 +
Two consecutive slashes are regarded as comment introducers.
 +
 
 +
== division ==
 +
The ASCII slash <syntaxhighlight lang="pascal" inline>/</syntaxhighlight> is used in a [[Pascal]] [[Program|program]] to perform division (<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal" inline>∕</syntaxhighlight> U+2215 “division slash”).
 +
The results are ''always'' real values.
 +
If you want to perform integer division the [[Div|<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal" inline>div</syntaxhighlight> operator]] has to be used.
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal">
 +
A := 3 / 4;
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
After this operation the [[Variable|variable]] <syntaxhighlight lang="pascal" inline>A</syntaxhighlight> holds the value <syntaxhighlight lang="pascal" inline>0.75</syntaxhighlight> (assuming <syntaxhighlight lang="pascal" inline>A</syntaxhighlight> is declared as a real value [[Type|type]], otherwise the [[Compiler|compiler]] generates an incompatible type error).
 +
 
 +
=== related exceptions ===
 +
The value on the right side of the slash must not be zero, or a division by zero error occurs.
 +
In [[Compiler Mode|modes]] where [[Exceptions|exceptions]] are available (e.g. [[Mode ObjFPC|ObjFPC]] and [[Mode Delphi|Delphi]] mode) this condition can be caught by using a [[Try|<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal" inline>try</syntaxhighlight>]] …  [[Except|<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal" inline>except</syntaxhighlight>]] [[Frame|frame]].
 +
Otherwise a [[runtime error|run-time error]] occurs (RTE 200).
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal" highlight="25-30">program divZeroDemo(input, output, stderr);
 +
 
 +
// ObjFPC mode for exceptions
 +
{$mode objfpc}
 +
 
 +
uses
 +
// make exception EDivByZero known
 +
sysutils;
 +
 
 +
const
 +
dividend = 1.1;
 +
 
 +
resourcestring
 +
enterDivisorPrompt = 'Enter divisor:';
 +
divisionOperationExceptionless = 'Division did not cause an exception.';
 +
zeroDivisionFailure = 'Error: Attempted to divide by zero.';
 +
 
 +
var
 +
divisor, quotient: single;
 +
 
 +
begin
 +
writeLn(enterDivisorPrompt);
 +
readLn(divisor);
 +
 +
try
 +
quotient := dividend / divisor;
 +
writeLn(divisionOperationExceptionless);
 +
except on EDivByZero do
 +
writeLn(zeroDivisionFailure);
 +
end;
 +
end.</syntaxhighlight>
 +
{{Note|
 +
Exception handling is expensive.
 +
A plain test whether the user input is non-zero would have been in the above example more sophisticated.}}
 +
 
 +
== comment ==
 +
Two slashes back to back introduce [[Comments|comments]] till the [[End of Line|end of line]].
 +
This is also known as “Delphi-style comment”.
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="delphi" line start="1345">
 +
while (buf^ in [' ', #9, #10]) do // kill separators
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<small>[https://svn.freepascal.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/tags/release_3_0_4/rtl/inc/system.inc?view=markup#l1345 example source]</small>
 +
 
 +
== see also ==
 +
* [[Round|<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal" inline>round</syntaxhighlight>]]
 +
* [[Trunc|<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal" inline>trunc</syntaxhighlight>]]
  
 
{{Symbols}}
 
{{Symbols}}
 
{{Stub}}
 

Latest revision as of 01:00, 26 January 2021

Deutsch (de) English (en) suomi (fi) français (fr) русский (ru)

/

A single slash, surrounded by non-slash characters is regarded as the division operator. Two consecutive slashes are regarded as comment introducers.

division

The ASCII slash / is used in a Pascal program to perform division ( U+2215 “division slash”). The results are always real values. If you want to perform integer division the div operator has to be used.

A := 3 / 4;

After this operation the variable A holds the value 0.75 (assuming A is declared as a real value type, otherwise the compiler generates an incompatible type error).

related exceptions

The value on the right side of the slash must not be zero, or a division by zero error occurs. In modes where exceptions are available (e.g. ObjFPC and Delphi mode) this condition can be caught by using a tryexcept frame. Otherwise a run-time error occurs (RTE 200).

program divZeroDemo(input, output, stderr);

// ObjFPC mode for exceptions
{$mode objfpc}

uses
	// make exception EDivByZero known
	sysutils;

const
	dividend = 1.1;

resourcestring
	enterDivisorPrompt = 'Enter divisor:';
	divisionOperationExceptionless = 'Division did not cause an exception.';
	zeroDivisionFailure = 'Error: Attempted to divide by zero.';

var
	divisor, quotient: single;

begin
	writeLn(enterDivisorPrompt);
	readLn(divisor);
	
	try
		quotient := dividend / divisor;
		writeLn(divisionOperationExceptionless);
	except on EDivByZero do
		writeLn(zeroDivisionFailure);
	end;
end.

Light bulb  Note: Exception handling is expensive.

A plain test whether the user input is non-zero would have been in the above example more sophisticated.

comment

Two slashes back to back introduce comments till the end of line. This is also known as “Delphi-style comment”.

1345while (buf^ in [' ', #9, #10]) do // kill separators

example source

see also


navigation bar: topic: Pascal symbols
single characters

+ (plus)  •  - (minus)  •  * (asterisk)  •  / (slash)
= (equal)  •  > (greater than)  •  < (less than)
. (period)  •  : (colon)  •  ; (semi colon)
^ (hat)  •  @ (at)
$ (dollar sign)  •  & (ampersand)  •  # (hash)
' (single quote)

character pairs

<> (not equal)  •  <= (less than or equal)  •  := (becomes)  •  >= (greater than or equal)

 •  >< (symmetric difference)  •  // (double slash)