FreeBSD Programming Tips

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FreeBSD Programming Tips

Other Interfaces

• Lazarus known issues (things that will never be fixed) - A list of interface compatibility issues
• Win32/64 Interface - The Windows API (formerly Win32 API) interface for Windows 95/98/Me/2000/XP/Vista/10, but not CE
• Windows CE Interface - For Pocket PC and Smartphones
• Carbon Interface - The Carbon 32 bit interface for macOS (deprecated; removed from macOS 10.15)
• Cocoa Interface - The Cocoa 64 bit interface for macOS
• Qt Interface - The Qt4 interface for Unixes, macOS, Windows, and Linux-based PDAs
• Qt5 Interface - The Qt5 interface for Unixes, macOS, Windows, and Linux-based PDAs
• GTK1 Interface - The gtk1 interface for Unixes, macOS (X11), Windows
• GTK2 Interface - The gtk2 interface for Unixes, macOS (X11), Windows
• GTK3 Interface - The gtk3 interface for Unixes, macOS (X11), Windows
• fpGUI Interface - Based on the fpGUI library, which is a cross-platform toolkit completely written in Object Pascal
• Custom Drawn Interface - A cross-platform LCL backend written completely in Object Pascal inside Lazarus. The Lazarus interface to Android.

Platform specific Tips

• Android Programming - For Android smartphones and tablets
• iPhone/iPod development - About using Objective Pascal to develop iOS applications
• FreeBSD Programming Tips - FreeBSD programming tips
• Linux Programming Tips - How to execute particular programming tasks in Linux
• macOS Programming Tips - Lazarus tips, useful tools, Unix commands, and more...
• WinCE Programming Tips - Using the telephone API, sending SMSes, and more...
• Windows Programming Tips - Desktop Windows programming tips

Interfaces Development Articles

• Adding a new interface - How to add a new widget set interface
• Carbon interface internals - If you want to help improving the Carbon interface
• Cocoa Internals - Some info about the inner workings of the Cocoa widget set
• LCL Defines - Choosing the right options to recompile LCL
• LCL Internals - Some info about the inner workings of the LCL
• Windows CE Development Notes - For Pocket PC and Smartphones

Making a Beep

As SysUtils.Beep has no effect on FreeBSD, I looked around for a way to make a beep and found nothing useful. So, I reinvented the wheel as follows:

    {$IFDEF FREEBSD}
    procedure FBSDbeep;
    var
      BProcess: TProcess;
      begin
        BProcess:= TProcess.Create(nil);
        BProcess.CommandLine := 'sh -c "echo xxxxxxx > /dev/dsp"';
        BProcess.Execute;
        BProcess.Free;
      end;
    {$ENDIF}

Note: /dev/dsp will automatically reroute to the sound device's correct device node (eg /dev/dsp0.0) using the dynamic devfs(5) clone handler.

Qualifications

• Ok, it's more of a burp than a beep, but it serves the purpose. If you're really fussy, you could send a real .wav file to /dev/dsp and play any musical note(s) you desire.

• If FreeBSD is using a GENERIC kernel, it will work.

• If FreeBSD is using a custom kernel and it's a desktop system, then it will most probably work because who doesn't want sound on their desktop system.

• If FreeBSD is using a custom kernel and is running on a server, it may not work. I don't see this as a significant defect in user applications which is its use case for my purposes.

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