Basic Pascal Tutorial/Chapter 3/FOR..DO/ja

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FOR...DO Loops (著者: Tao Yue, 状態: 原文のまま修正なし)

FOR...DO は Pascal におけるループを構成するためのものである。もちろん、まず "ループとは何か?"という疑問が湧くだろう。

Loops

ループするとは文や複合文が、ある条件が満たされるまで繰り返し繰り返し実行されることを意味する。

3つのタイプのループがある。

  • 固定反復(fixed repetition) - 固定された回数のみ反復する
  • プリテスト(pretest) - ブール式をテストし、TRUE ならループに入る
  • ポストテスト(posttest) - ループを実行し、それからブール式をテストする

FOR...DO Loop

In Pascal, the fixed repetition loop is the for loop. The general form is:

for index := StartingLow to EndingHigh do
  statement;

The index variable must be of an ordinal data. The index can be used in calculations within the body of the loop, but its value cannot be changed (i.e. count:=5 will cause a program exception.

In Pascal, the for loop can only count in increments (steps) of 1. A loop can be interrupted using the break statement. An example of using the index is:

sum := 0;
for count := 1 to 100 do
begin
  sum := sum + count;
  if sum = 38 then break;
end;

The computer would do the sum the long way and still finish it in far less time than it took the mathematician Gauss to do the sum the short way (1+100 = 101. 2+99 = 101. See a pattern? There are 100 numbers, so the pattern repeats 50 times. 101*50 = 5050. This isn't advanced mathematics, its attribution to Gauss is probably apocryphal.).

In the for-to-do loop, the starting value MUST be lower than the ending value, or the loop will never execute! If you want to count down, you should use the for-downto-do loop:

for index := StartingHigh downto EndingLow do
  statement;

See also

While ...Do loops/ja

Repeat... Until loops/ja

For... in loops/ja


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