Lazarus Packages/fr

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Vue d'ensemble du système de paquet de Lazarus

Qu'est-ce qu'un paquet de Lazarus ?

Un paquet de Lazarus est une collection d'unités et de composants, contenant de l'information sur comment ils peuvent être compilés et comment ils peuvent être employés par des projets ou d'autres paquets ou l'ide. Contrairement à Delphi, les paquets ne sont pas limités aux bibliothèques et ils peuvent être indépendant de l'OS . (Les paquets de Delphi sont des bibliothèques spécialement compilées utilisé par des applications, l'ide ou tous les deux. Les paquets Delphi exigent un support interne au compilateur, ce que FPC n'est pas capable de faire en ce moment et naturellement cette prouesse est dépendante du système d'exploitation.)

Actuellement le compilateur Free Pascal supporte seulement les paquets statiques. Par conséquent vous devez compiler puis redémarrer l'IDE, chaque fois qu'un paquet est installé ou désinstallé.

Un paquet Lazarus est identifié/distingué par son nom et sa version.

FAQ

Q: Dois-je installer un paquet ?
A: Vous devez seulement installer un paquet , s'il contient des items designtime, comme des composants pour la palette de composants de l'IDE. Si vous n'employez pas ces items, vous n'avez pas besoin d'installer le paquet. Si vous voulez seulement employer un paquet dans votre projet, ne l'installer pas.

Q: J'ai installé un paquet, mais l'IDE n'a pas trouvé les unités
A: Le fait d'installer un paquet signifie que le paquet est intégré à l'IDE, non votre projet. Ce sont des choses séparées . Pour utiliser un paquet dans votre projet, utilisez Projet -> Inspecteur de projet -> Ajouter -> Nouvelle condition. Et désinstallez le paquet s'il ne contient aucun gadget pour l'IDE.

Quick Start

To see the packagesystem in action and to get used to it, do the following:

Creating a new package:

• File->New... -> Package -> Standard Package
• A package editor opens
• Use the Save button at top left.
• Depending on your 'naming' setting in the 'environment options', the IDE will ask you to save the file lowercase. Say yes.

Congratulations: You have just created your first package!

Adding a new component:

• Use the Add button -> New component
• Choose a component in the ancestor type combobox. For instance: TBevel.
• Click Ok
• The file will be added to the package and opened in the editor
• Install the package by clicking the 'install' button in the top of the package editor.
• Lazarus will save the package and ask you, if the IDE should be rebuilt. Say yes.
• The packages are statically linked, so a restart of the IDE is needed.
• Restart Lazarus and see your new component in the component palette (For example: A TBevel1 will be on the 'Additional' page).
• If you do not see your new component in the component palette, it is most likely that you are not running the re-compiled version of Lazarus. You can set where Lazarus builds to in: Environment -> Environment options -> Files -> Lazarus directory. Instead of calling lazarus directly, you also can use startlazarus, which starts the newly created lazarus, for example the lazarus executable in the ~/.lazarus directory, if you don't have write access to the directory lazarus was installed into.

Congratulations: You have just installed your first package with your first package component.

The IDE menu items for packages:

• File->New... -> Package -> Standard Package

Creates a new package.

• Project -> Project Inspector

 Here you can see, what packages are required by the currently open project.
 You can add new dependencies and remove unneeded ones.

• Run -> Compiler options -> Inherited

 Here you can see what compiler options are inherited from which package.

Components ->

 - 'Open package'
   A dialog shows all open packages with their state.
   
 - 'Open package file'
   Open a .lpk file

 - 'Open package of current unit'
   Open the .lpk file, that belongs to the file in the source editor
   
 - 'Open recent package'
   Open a recently open package file (lpk file)

 - 'Add active unit to a package'
   Adds the unit in the source editor to a package
   
 - 'Package Graph'
   The package graph shows all open packages and their dependencies.

 - 'Configure installed packages'
   Edit the list of packages installed in the IDE. Install or uninstall several packages at once.

Project -> Project Inspector

 Here you can see and edit all packages used by the project.

The theory

Each Lazarus package has a .lpk file. A package is identified by its name and its version. The name must correspond to the lpk filename. For example:

Name: Package1, Version: 1.0, Filename: /home/.../package1.lpk.

• The IDE automatically creates the main source file (package1.pas). See below. The lpk file contains information about the required packages, the files it uses, how to compile them, and what is needed to use the package by other packages/projects. The directory where the lpk file is, is called the "package directory".
• The IDE maintains a list of all package files (<config directory>/packagelinks.xml). Everytime a package is opened in the IDE it will be added to this list. When a package is opened, the IDE automatically opens all required packages via this list.
• There are three base packages: FCL, LCL and SynEdit. These are parts of the IDE and so they are autocreated, readonly and have no lpk file.
• Normally a package has a source directory with some pascal units. And normally the lpk file will be there too. A package has also an output directory. Default is the subdirectory 'lib/$(TargetCPU)-$(TargetOS)/' in the package directory.
• Before a package is compiled the IDE checks all required packages and if they need update and have the auto update flag, they are compiled first. Then the IDE creates the package main source file. If the lpk file was package1.lpk, then the main source file is package1.pas. This file contains all units in the uses section plus a 'Register' procedure, which is called in the intialization section.

For example:

This file was automatically created by Lazarus. Do not edit!
This source is only used to compile and install
the package GTKOpenGL 1.0.

unit GTKOpenGL;
interface
uses GTKGLArea, GTKGLArea_Int, NVGL, NVGLX, LazarusPackageIntf;
implementation
procedure Register;
begin
  RegisterUnit('GTKGLArea', @GTKGLArea.Register);
end;
initialization
  RegisterPackage('GTKOpenGL', @Register)
end.

• Then the compiler is called and the package is compiled to the output directory.
• After successful compilation the state file is created. The state file is put into the output directory. It has the name <packagename>.compiled and contains the information, how the package was compiled. This state file is used by the IDE to check if update is needed.

For example: gtkopengl.compiled:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<CONFIG>
  <Compiler Value="/usr/bin/ppc386" Date="781388725"/>
  <Params Value=" -Rintel -S2cgi -CD -Ch8000000 -OG1p1
    -Tlinux -gl -vewnhi -l -Fu../../../lcl/units
    -Fu../../../lcl/units/gtk -Fu../../../packager/units
    -Fu. -FElib/ gtkopengl.pas"/>
</CONFIG>

• The IDE opens all needed packages automatically. This means, it opens all installed packages, all packages marked for installation (auto install), all packages with an open Editor, all packages required by the project and all packages required by one of the other packages. Unneeded packages are automatically unloaded, when the IDE becomes idle.
• The IDE never opens two packages with the same name at the same time. When the user opens another package file with the same name as an already opened package the IDE will ask to replace the old one.
• The IDE maintains two extra sets of packages: The 'installed' packages and the 'auto install' packages. The auto install packages will be linked into the IDE on next compile. It creates two new files in the config directory: staticpackages.inc and idemake.cfg. Then it calls 'make ide OPT=@/path/to/your/config/idemake.cfg' to compile itself.

Hints and Tips

Please add any hints, tips or gotchas here.

• To rename a package, use 'save as'.

Example

I will use the tiOPF framework as an example  The tiOPF has the
following directory layout, due to the fact that it compiles for FPC,
Delphi 5-7, D2005 and D2006.

Source                <= full path \Programming\3rdParty\tiOPF\Source
 \Compilers
    \Delphi7          <= Delphi 7 package files live here
    \D2005
    \FPC              <= the tiOPF.lpk lived here
 \Core                <= core unit files
 \Options             <= optional unit file for extra features
 \GUI

Using this example, I included in the "Options - Usage - Units"
editbox the following paths:
"$(PkgOutDir);..\..\Core;..\..\Options;..\..\GUI" which will be added
to whatever project uses this package.

Contributors and Comments

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